Whale sharks are a species that is declining, and there is limited biological data available about them. Although these animals are protected in many areas, they are still being legally and illegally fished in some countries. It is important to gather baseline biological and ecological data in order to develop an effective conservation plan for whale sharks.

It is not known, for example, whether the whale shark is represented by a single worldwide panmictic population or by numerous, reproductively isolated populations.

The analysis of genetic population structure is a crucial element in establishing the fundamental data needed for the conservation of whale sharks. Studies have demonstrated minimal genetic variation between whale shark populations in different geographical areas. Satellite tracking data has shown that whale sharks migrate both regionally and over long distances across their range, validating the existence of genetic exchange between populations.
 

Whale sharks cross geographic and political boundaries throughout their lifetime, breeding with animals from distant populations. Therefore, conservation efforts should focus on international protection for this species.